Purchasing a new HVAC system for a home is one of the biggest investments a homeowner will ever make, second only to a new roof. Before choosing a new appliance, it is wise to do a little bit of homework first so that you know exactly what you'll be getting. Here's a short synopsis of the most popular types of home HVAC systems.

Evaporative Coolers

An evaporative cooler is a separate unit from the furnace and is most commonly used in arid western states such as Colorado, Nevada, and Utah. The unit sits atop the house and cools the dwelling by means of evaporating water. The key to successful cooling using this type of system is the level of natural humidity in the outside air. Because of this factor, evaporative coolers are seldom effective in more humid climates such as those found in Ohio, Florida, New York, and most other states east of the Mississippi.

Forced Air Furnace

Effective in any climate, forced air furnaces are by far one of the most popular systems for both heating and cooling. The newest models are extremely energy-efficient and bill-payers who install them see an immediate difference in their monthly bills. They usually run on natural gas and both the heating and the air conditioning use the same duct network. The main disadvantage to this type of system is that, because it blows air through vents, filters must be replaced often to avoid problems with allergen distribution.

Heat Pumps

Heat pumps operate using electricity and can be installed with and used with an existing forced air ductwork system. The newest models of heat pumps are extremely energy-efficient and are less expensive to operate than standard forced air furnace systems. In some of the coldest climates, heat pumps are used in conjunction with a gas furnace for optimum efficiency. The heating and cooling units can either be split up (with the cooling unit on the outside of the house) or, if there is room, can be installed together indoors.

Not all brands of HVAC systems are created equal, and there are definitely some that have a better reputation for value and efficiency than others. When researching the different installers in your area, ask each of them what brand of HVAC systems he carries and why. Make sure to choose an HVAC system provider that has been in business for a long time and is experienced in recommending the right kind of system for your particular climate.