- 1). Count the number of leaves present. Determining this number separates plant species into broad categories. Some plants like prickly pear have no apparent leaves.
- 2). Look at the placement of leaves on the plant. Note whether leaves are present only at the base of the plant or they are arranged down the length of the plant.
- 3). Consider the habitat of plants that have leaves at their base. Basal leaves and habitat combined are identifying characteristics. At this point, plants falling into this category can be identified.
- 4). Notice the arrangement of leaves along the stem if basal leaves are not present. Plants with seven petals can be further categorized by whether leaves are alternate, opposite, or whorled along the stem.
- 5). Look at the shape and edge of the leaves. Plants with leaves that have smooth edges are said to be entire leaves. Other possibilities include toothed or lobed edges. Plants can also have divided leaves composed of a number of small leaflets. To determine if a leaf is divided, follow the stem to the main body of the plant.
- 6). Notice the color of the plant. If the plant has yellow or orange flowers, it is part of the daisy family. Identification beyond this point will rely on identifying characteristics such as flower shape and presence of hairs along the stem. A ruler and magnifying glass will assist further identification.
- 7). If the plant is not yellow or orange, look again at the leaves. Other plants not daisy-like may be encountered at this level during the examination. A field guide will help identify plants such as baneberry and goldenseal that are part of this group.
- 8). Determine the shape of leaves that are in opposite arrangement on the stem. As with daisy-like plants, the arrangement of leaves places plants in more well-defined categories. Color and leaf edge distinguish species.
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