The word Viscose on a shirt label may throw you for a loop; but never fear. Viscose is simply a form of rayon (and that's not so scary). You'll often see the terms used together as viscose rayon.
Both viscose and rayon are fibers made from wood cellulose. Viscose is made by treating the cellulose with sodium hydroxide and carbon disulfide. The solution is then spun into fibers that are produce a soft, smooth fabric that drapes well.
The term "viscose" is used throughout Europe and is an alternative term for rayon in the United States.
While cotton, linen and wool are considered natural fibers, viscose is a bio-based textile. It begins with wood cellulose but must be treated chemically to become a fiber. Other types of bio-based fabrics made from bamboo, plant or tree pulps are modal, lyocell and, of course, rayon.
Characteristics of Viscose Fabric
Viscose fibers are usually woven or knitted into soft, smooth, almost silk-like fabrics but the fibers can be twisted to give the final cloth more texture. The weight can vary from lightweight for linings to heavy for drapery and upholstery. The fibers are often combined with other types of fiber like Lycra to add stretch.
Viscose garments are very breathable and perfect for hot, humid climates. They are not good for insulating from cold. The fibers are easily dyed and retain color well. They do not shrink when exposed to heat.
However, viscose does absorb moisture including body oils and salts.
It is more absorbent than cotton but not nearly as strong when wet. The oils and salts combined with the moisture can cause discoloration and weaken the fabric.
Care and Cleaning of Viscose Rayon
Many garments made of viscose are labeled dry clean only. This is because viscose fabrics can be damaged by excessive wringing and twisting that can occur in a washer with an agitator. If you are not experienced with laundry or the garment is structured, stick with dry cleaning as the preferred method of cleaning.
For unstructured garments, viscose can be hand washed in cool water. NEVER wring or twist. It is best to air dry flat or hang to drip dry. If you choose to use a washer, select a gentle cycle and low spin.
For viscose knits, treat as you would a handwash sweater. Roll in a towel to remove excess moisture and dry flat. Be sure to shape the garment back to its normal shape as it begins drying. Don't leave it in a crumpled mess!
To remove stains, follow suggested stain removal tips depending upon the type of stain. Just never scrub or briskly rub the stained area too much. This can cause the fabric to weaken.
To remove wrinkles, use a medium heat (silk setting) on your iron. Use a pressing cloth to prevent shiny streaks. Steam can be used to remove the toughest wrinkles. A clothes steamer works well for gentle wrinkling.