Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI] - Classification of Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI] Guide
- General Information About Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia
- Classification of Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia
- Stage Information for Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia
- Treatment Option Overview
- Untreated Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia
- Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Remission
- Recurrent Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia
- Changes to This Summary (03 / 28 / 2014)
- About This PDQ Summary
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No consistent chromosome abnormality has been identified for acute basophilic leukemia.[57] Because of its rare incidence, little information regarding survival is available.
Acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis
Acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis (also known as acute myelofibrosis, acute myelosclerosis, and acute myelodysplasia with myelofibrosis) is an acute panmyeloid proliferation associated with fibrosis of the bone marrow. This disorder is very rare and occurs in all age groups.[57] The disorder may occur de novo or after treatment with alkylating-agent chemotherapy and/or radiation (Refer to the Acute myeloid leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes, therapy related section of this summary for more information). Clinical features include constitutional symptoms such as weakness and fatigue. (Refer to the PDQ summary on Fatigue for more information.)
Morphologic and cytochemical features include the following:
- Marked pancytopenia.
- Anisocytosis.
- Dysplastic changes in myeloid cells.
- Hypercellular bone marrow (biopsy).
- Variable degrees of hyperplasia of erythroid precursors, granulocytes, and megakaryocytes in the bone marrow.
- Increased number of small- to large-sized megakaryocytes with dysplastic features in the bone marrow.
- Marked increase in reticulin fibers in the bone marrow.
Immunophenotypically, blasts may express one or more myeloid-associated antigens (CD13, CD33, CD117, and MPO). Some cells may express erythroid or megakaryocytic antigens. The major differential diagnosis includes acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, acute leukemias with associated marrow fibrosis, metastatic tumor with a desmoplastic reaction, and chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis.[57] (Refer to the PDQ summary on Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Treatment for more information.)
No specific chromosomal abnormalities are associated with acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis. This AML is reported to respond poorly to chemotherapy and to be associated with a short survival.[57]
Myeloid sarcoma
Myeloid sarcoma (also known as extramedullary myeloid tumor, granulocytic sarcoma, and chloroma) is a tumor mass that consists of myeloblasts or immature myeloid cells, occurring in an extramedullary site;[57] development in 2% to 8% of patients with AML has been reported.[79] Clinical features include occurrence common in subperiosteal bone structures of the skull, paranasal sinuses, sternum, ribs, vertebrae, and pelvis; lymph nodes, skin, mediastinum, small intestine, and the epidural space; and occurrence de novo or concomitant with AML or a myeloproliferative disorder.[57,79]