- Vertically aligned LCD screens have the crystals aligned vertically when no electric charge is present, which produces a black empty screen. When the electric charge is applied to the substrate that makes up the backing of the screen, the crystals will align horizontally, creating a white image. This type of screen has been used since at least 1996 by companies like Fujitsu.
- Twisted nematic-style LCD panels are cheap and easy to produce, but they do not have an excellent range of color recognition. In these types of LCD modules, the vertically aligned LCD elements are not 8 bit, but only 6 bit, and so they do not produce the same wide range of colors that a better vertically aligned LCD panel would produce.
- In-plane-switching, vertically aligned LDC panels are the next step up from the twisted nematic-style panels. In these panels, color can be reproduced much like the higher-end panels, and is a true 8-bit color for the best range of colors. These panels work slightly slower than a twisted nematic panel and may show blurring or ghosting in some fast action sequences such as in sports coverage or fast-moving videos.
- A compromise between in-plane-switching and twisted nematic-style LCD technology, multi-domain vertical alignment produces colors similar to patterned vertical alignment technology, but with a slightly faster response time. Patterned vertical alignment is more costly than the multi-domain vertical alignment, and that is why the compromise exists. Each of these types of LCD technology has its own ups and downs.
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